Immunohematology is one of the branches of hematology which was formed to study antigen-antibody reactions and Similar or equivalent in some respects though otherwise dissimilar as they relate to The origination and development of a disease and clinical manifestations of the many blood disorders. A person employed in this field is referred to as an immunohematologist.

Immunohematology refers to the laboratory science of preparing blood and blood components donated by or otherwise acquired from other people for transfusion or use in other medical areas. It is often referred to as “blood banking.”

In immunohematology, specialists are also skilled in selecting appropriate and compatible blood for transfusion to other individuals. The typing of blood is very specific with the four types being A, B, AB, and O. Other factors including an RH factor or not being present, and also by other much minor criteria.

It is also thoroughly tested for a variety of diseases before being put into the general population for diseases and also for antigens against other blood types, a rare occurrence but one that can be deadly for a donor Some people going in for surgery elect to not completely trust immunohematology; there have been extremely rare but news-making cases of blood slipping through immunohematology testing that is infected with HIV, hepatitis, or other blood borne disease.

Instead of accepting blood from a general bank, they instead bank their own blood, and direct physicians to use that blood to give transfusions during their surgery. Medical technologists identify the blood types of a donor’s and recipient’s (or patient’s) blood instances in formulation for blood and blood meronymy therapy. Once compatibility (cross-match) between donor and recipient has been determined and tests for infectious disease are negative, the blood may be transfused.

Immunohematology also includes the assessment for tissue compatibility which is necessary for transplantation. An interesting technique is aphaeresis: withdrawal of a patient’s blood, while outside the body it is treated and then the treated blood is returned to the patient. This procedure is often safer for the patient and used often instead of treatment of the whole body.

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Blood is an important constituent of the human body. It is the factor responsible for sustaining life itself. Blood is the life-maintaining fluid that circulates through the body’s heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. In case of any lose of blood the need for blood transfusion arises thus the importance of blood banks.

A blood bank is a bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions. History of Blood Banks 1901 Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian physician, whom we see as the most important individual in the field of human Blood, categorized the first three human Blood groups A, B and O. Without this discovery and the subsequent research, there would be no Blood banking. 1936 Bernard Fantus, director of therapeutics at the Cook County Hospital in Chicago, established the first Blood bank in the United States, creating a hospital laboratory that can preserve and store donor Blood 1940 Dr Charles Drew, a graduate of McGill University Medical School in Montreal, researched and found a technique for long-term preservation of Blood plasma.

1947 The American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) was formed to “promote common goals among Blood banking facilities and the American Blood donating public.” 1950 Carl Walter and W.P. Murphy, Jr., introduced the plastic bag for blood collection. Replacing breakable glass bottles with durable plastic bags allowed for the evolution of a collection system capable of safe and easy preparation of multiple blood components from a single unit of Whole Blood. 1979 An anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1 was introduced. It decreased wastage from expiration and facilitated resource sharing among blood banks. Newer solutions contain adenine and extend the shelf life of red cells to 42 days.

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